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Gold farming is the practice of playing a massively multiplayer online game (MMO) to acquire in-game currency that other players purchase in exchange for real-world money.〔(The business end of playing games ) bbc.com, Wednesday, 25 April 2007, 14:55 GMT〕〔(Current Analysis and Future Research Agenda on "Gold Farming": Real-World Production in Developing Countries for the Virtual Economies of Online Games - Page 2 ) Richard Heeks, Development Informatics Group IDPM, SED, University of Manchester, UK - 2008〕 People in several developing nations have held full-time employment as gold farmers.〔For Chinese gold farmers, see *For non-Chinese gold farmers, see (Gamers load for virtual asset swap ) vietnamnet.vn, 12:30' 10/07/2006 (GMT+7)〕 While most game operators expressly ban the practice of selling in-game currency for real-world cash,〔 gold farming is lucrative because it takes advantage of economic inequality and the fact that much time is needed to earn in-game currency.〔(China's full-time computer gamers ) bbc.com, Friday, 13 October 2006, 19:20 GMT〕 Rich players from developed countries, wishing to save many hours of playing time, may be willing to pay substantial sums to gold farmers from developing countries.〔(Ogre to Slay? Outsource It to Chinese ) nytimes.com, December 9, 2005〕 ==History== What began as a cottage industry in the late 1990s became increasingly more commercialized in the 2000s with the growing popularity of massively multiplayer online games.〔(Gold Trading Exposed: Introduction ) eurogamer.net, 19 March 2009〕 While in the past players used eBay and PayPal to sell each other items and gold from games like Ultima Online〔(Current Analysis and Future Research Agenda on "Gold Farming": Real-World Production in Developing Countries for the Virtual Economies of Online Games - Page 4 ) Richard Heeks, Development Informatics Group IDPM, SED, University of Manchester, UK - 2008〕 and Lineage,〔(Current Analysis and Future Research Agenda on "Gold Farming": Real-World Production in Developing Countries for the Virtual Economies of Online Games - Page 5 ) Richard Heeks, Development Informatics Group IDPM, SED, University of Manchester, UK - 2008〕 contemporary, commercialized gold farming may have its origins in South Korea. 2001 reports describe Korean cybercafes being converted into gold farming operations to serve domestic demand.〔 This model, with full-time gold farmers working long hours in cybercafes, was outsourced to China and initially served demand from Korean and Western players.〔 Gold farming in China was experiencing swift growth c. 2004.〔 In 2011 ''The Guardian'' reported that prisoners in Chinese labor camps were forced to engage in gold farming for the benefit of prison authorities. Academic studies of gold farming reveal that the social networks of gold farmers are similar to those of drug dealers. The term Elo boosting refers to hiring another player to level up one's account on an game that features Elo rating system or some other competitive ladder system. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「gold farming」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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